Percy Jackson Sea of Monsters Book Report free essay sample

The book I had decided for my book venture was Sea of Monsters by Rick Riordan. The primary character in this book was Percy Jackson his dad is Poseidon the divine force of the ocean and his mom is an ordinary human. In the book he finds a greater amount of his capacities he acquired from his dad and he figures out how to like his relative Tyson. Tyson is additionally a child of Poseidon, however rather than a human he is a Cyclops. He is more youthful than Percy and humiliates Percy constantly. In spite of the fact that he isn't shrewd he is inconceivably solid like all different Cyclops and he is cherishing and mindful. Another character is Annabeth.She is the little girl of Athena and like Percy, her other parent is human. She is sure and splendid. She doesn’t like to be refuted. In spite of the fact that she is once in a while cruel on Percy she values his fellowship. We will compose a custom exposition test on Percy Jackson Sea of Monsters Book Report or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page At that point there is Clarisse the girl of Ares. She is incredibly hot headed. In this book she goes with Percy, Tyson, and Annabeth to substantiate herself to her dad and the various half bloods and camp Half-Blood. The primary plot in this story is Percy must safeguard Grover, his satyr companion and watchman, since he is held hostage by the underhanded Cyclops Polyphemus.The reason Grover went off was to locate the Golden Fleece, which can spare the harmed tree that furnishes the camp with shield and goes about as a boundary from every single enchantment animal other than divine beings and half bloods. As Percy, Tyson, Annabeth, and Clarisse travel together through the Sea of Monsters to save Grover and get the Golden Fleece the learn of a dim plot that includes Luke, an old companion of Annabeth and child of Hermes, attempting to bring back the abhorrent Titan Lord Kronos once more from Tartaris. When perusing the book I truly didn’t associate with any of the characters.I noticed that every one of them put their lives in peril to protect and companion of theirs. The most fascinating piece of the story would need to be when Percy, Tyson, Annabeth, and Clarisse reach Grover and how they spare him. It is actually similar to when Odysseus got away from him in the Odyssey. Despite the fact that they didn’t wound him in the eye, they blinded him at that point covered up under the gut of his sheep when he opened the large stone way to get away. The topic of this story I would need to state was that you will hazard anything for your companions.

William Shakespeare Biography Essay Example for Free

William Shakespeare Biography Essay William Shakespeare is known very well over the world. He’s known for the best playwright and he is the world’s well known creator and best writer in English language. With his superb ability he has delivered thirty-seven plays. Shakespeare was conceived in Stratford-upon-Avon in England on April 23 1564. He was the third and oldest offspring of John and Mary Arden Shakespeare. Later on while his dad John was city hall leader of Stratford, youthful William went to an incredible punctuation school in his town which had high qualified educators who were exacting on teaching understudies. During his language school years Shakespeare got his first taste of what genuine plays resembled. After his years at language school William would not like to go to a college. At age fourteen he was pulled back from school. When Shakespeare was eighteen he wedded Anne Hathaway who was around ten years more seasoned than him. Both William and Anne had three youngsters together however yet following a year after their marriage they had their first infant young lady named Susana. Later on they had a lot of twins named Hamnet and Judith. Hamnet just lived till he was eleven years of age in light of the disease with plague that was going around in the city. After Shakespeare’s twins were purified through water around 1592, very little was think about him so these years were known as â€Å"The Lost Years†. While this happened William had left Stratford to go to London so he can pursure his vocation. In the mid 1590’s Shakespeare turned out to be notable by numerous individuals in London as a built up dramatist. Moving to London had Shakespeare become a notable entertainer, essayist, and executive. Not long after he got known as an artist and a dramatist that numerous performance centers called upon him to compose more plays. His plays were regularly performed for Queen Elizabeth and her court. William additionally composed works. His works were portraying the dedication of a character that was frequently distinguished as the writer himself. Shakespeare’s plays have been isolated into isolated classes, for example, disasters, comedies, and chronicles. When the venues revived Shakespeare turned out to be completely associated with composing plays. Continuously of 1594 to 1608 William was London’sâ most well known writer. The main story or play to be acted in the Globe was The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. After he delivered this disaster a lot increasingly composed for instance Hamlet, Romeo Juliet, and Macbeth. Shakespeare alluded to himself as an artist. He later improved as an onlooker which had helped him compose his plays better. He was known as a man of honor that his plays demonstrated a great deal of viciousness and energy. When William turned out to be increasingly associated with his little girls it demonstrated a great deal in his plays that individuals had the option to tell. A large number of his plays and sonnets depended on the life truly is. A portion of his topics were love, malicious, war, legends, and sentiment. Later in 1608 Shakespeare’s creations reduced so he started to do return to Stratford to invest energy with his family. William composed his will on March 25 and he died on April 23, 1616. Shakespeare is as yet known in today’s world. He’s considered the best producer that has strolled this world. He’s the world’s renowned creator.

Conceptual Framework by ASX Listed Companies-Samples for Students

Question: Does the Current Accounting Framework address the issues of the clients of Financial Reports as endorsed in the Objective of the Conceptual Framework of Accounting? How the calculated system update to incorporate Prudence is probably going to address the dissimilarity in Corporate Reporting is a prerequisite in your examination. Answer: Presentation Organizations Selected for the present investigation are: Cimic Groups Limited (industrials) and Brambles Limited (industrials). CIMIC Groupis very notable contractual worker organization present in the fields of designing , telecom types of gear and mining and natural assets also. The organization was established in the year 1949 and has as of now present in Australia, New Zealand and Middle east. Then again, Brambles Limited is occupied with modern creation (flexibly chain) organization essentially occupied with pooling of types of gear and related administrations and is as of now present in excess of 60 countries around the world. Thistles Limited attempts to improve the viability of the customers business tasks through effective transportation of products and makes a superior domain for shipped merchandise. it works through two fundamental brands, for example, IFCO and CHEP and utilizes in excess of 14,500 individuals around the world. Investigation of the Annual Reports Reasonable system The reasonable system is the foundation of budget summary introduction. The calculated system gave by the AASB ensure the budget reports arranged by all the recorded elements are set up with the sole reason for giving the financial specialists and people in general all in all with a reasonable and unprejudiced perspective on the activities of the business over the most recent a year. The adherence to the applied structure ensures that the budget summaries are a reasonable introduction as well as solid also. Based on the CF just the substances concerned would have the option to adhere to the subjective qualities of the CF(Picker, 2015). The theoretical structure is a system of fundamental guidelines and instruments which are utilized by both AASB and IFRS to build up the bookkeeping measures and the equivalent means to bring an indistinguishable arrangements into impact and decipher the principles adequately all the occasions and bookkeeping exchanges in the typical activity of the business. Similar apparatuses are utilized to build up the current norms and their understandings too at the appointed time of time. The arrangements and guidelines contained in the calculated system is incredibly useful in the introduction of a reasonable and fair fiscal reports as follows: The yearly reports of the organizations concerned would contain the budget summaries which would be utilized by the investors and speculators for taking choices. The applied structure is additionally very supportive in the general improvement of the bookkeeping guidelines over some stretch of time and furthermore helpful for the right understanding of the current bookkeeping measures. The correct translation of the CF would be amazingly useful for introducing unprejudiced explanations and keeping up decency of the introduction. Are the yearly reports in consistence with the applied system and AASB standard necessities? Examination of CIMIC Group Limited CIMIC Group Limited has proceeded to introduce the current (2016 fiscal summaries) according to the arrangements and guidelines affirmed by AASB and furthermore follows the Australian company Act ,2001. The monetary reports which are merged for the gathering has adhered to the rules and measures gave by IFRS which was embraced by the IASB. The useful cash for introduction is the AU$ and the report has been purportedly arranged under the authentic show technique aside from the advantages which are viewed as ready to move and other subordinate instruments which were introduced under the Fair worth strategy. Income acknowledgment subtleties are point by point too. Development contract related income has been accounted for under % finishing strategy and the income structure the agreements identified with mining has been accounted for underestimate of the work finished or guaranteed techniques. Different surges of income has been accounted for as administrations including telecom and ecological administrations and so forth misfortunes identified with business activities were introduced and revealed as they got evident. Intrigue expenses and income were perceived under gathering premise. Pay under the head of profits are perceived in the books once they were proclaimed. Income from development contracting administrations is perceived utilizing the rate total technique. The top managerial staff of the CIMIC Group Limited has proceeded to speak to the money related reports expecting: The business to be a going concern. This has permitted the organization to report the records payables and receivables and so forth. Utilized the gauges of AASB 101 for readiness of the monetary reports following the IAS 1. Value technique has bene used to speak to the solidified articulations. AASB 101 is utilized for planning of these announcements. This consents to the IAS 1 also. AASB 108 has bene utilized for introducing the Consolidated Financial Statements of the business mixes. Income of the organization is estimated asper the advantages the administration assessed to get till 31 December 2016. AASB 11 has been utilized for managing joint endeavor understandings too. Concentrates and Screen shots from the Annual reports. Investigation of Brambles Limited CIMIC Group Limited has proceeded to introduce the current (2016 fiscal summaries) according to the arrangements and guidelines endorsed by AASB, Australian Accounting Standards (AAS) and furthermore follows the Australian company Act ,2001. The money related reports which are solidified for the gathering has adhered to the rules and gauges gave by IFRS which was embraced by the IASB. The useful money for introduction is the US$ The budgetary yearly report has been supposedly arranged under the verifiable cost technique. Be that as it may, resources which are sorted as ready to move and other subsidiary instruments are introduced under the Fair worth strategy. The organization has announced that in the last money related year there have not been any noteworthy bookkeeping technique changes. Income of the organization is estimated asper the advantages the administration assessed to get till 6.2016. The organization has continued to compose of terrible obligations as and when the equivalent was recognized. Arrangements were built up when the recoverability of the A/R is very questionable. The business to be a going concern. This has permitted the organization to report the records payables and receivables and so on. Utilized the gauges of AASB 101 for planning of the money related reports following the IAS 1. Value technique has bene used to speak to the united articulations. AASB 101 is utilized for readiness of these announcements. This conforms to the IAS 1 also. Concentrates and Screen shots from the Annual reports. Both the arrangements of the fiscal summaries have appropriately perceived the measures of Net Revenue, cost of deals, Operating costs, net edge and EBIT and money expenses and net benefit when burdens separated from the EPS also. In this manner the budget summaries have been fruitful in dispersing a reasonable perspective on the business activities of the organization is last monetary year. Disappointment in Compliance From the above conversations, it has become very evident that the organizations has put forth cognizant attempts to conform to the applied systems. Be that as it may, the yearly reports of enormous firms are now and again come up short on specific insights about the specific understanding. A portion of the benefits were raised in their qualities in the ongoing money related year (utilizing reasonable worth) however a nitty gritty conversation of the strategy used to show up at the reasonable worth is absent in both arrangement of yearly reports. In this way, revaluation of the a portion of the drawn out resources are completely not interpretable by the clients of the monetary statements(Belverd E. Needles, 2012). Calculated structure correction to incorporate Prudence is probably going to address the dissimilarity in Corporate Reporting. Two distinct sorts of reasonable systems are currently being utilized by the bookkeeping clique around the world. One of the calculated structure is set up by the IFRS boards of trustees and the other being brought into training by IASB. As of now there is a procedure going on under which both IFRS and IASB are putting forth a cognizant attempt to bring both these CF practices to harmony by annihilating the covering arrangements. The goal of the procedure to consolidate the two arrangements of CFs is to ensure the objectivity of the structure is better investigated and comprehended and one applied system be utilized world over. The procedure as and when finished would be relied upon to alleviate the covering ambiguities and kill the differential understandings of the CF inside and out and bring solidarity of examination and use (Dagwell, 2014). The reasonable system is a structure comprising of fundamental ideas and administrative apparatuses which are utilized by both AASB/IASB and IFRS to build up the bookkeeping measures and the equivalent means to bring an indistinguishable arrangements into impact and decipher the guidelines sufficiently all the occasions and bookkeeping exchanges in the ordinary activity of the business. Similar devices are utilized to build up the current guidelines and their understandings too at the appropriate time of time. On the off chance that there is vagueness in the understanding of another thing of bookkeeping and conclusions are isolated as how the equivalent would managed by the concerned bookkeepers and organizations the beginning stage of the discussion is the calculated structure rules. The new gauges to be given by the IFRS and IASB must affirm to the current structures. So CFs are the beginning stage from where the gauges would be refreshed and changed to suit the new requirements(Dy son, 2007). Until the FY 2010, reasonability idea was a piece of the then CFs. Be that as it may, in 2010 the IFRS board on CF took a choice to bar reasonability from the CFs. In 2015 onwards the IFRS is pitching again to incl

Migration free essay sample

Relocation BY dennts2405 . Reasons of Migration It could never be a simple choice for an individual to leave his nation of birth and search for his fortune somewhere else. There are various reasons why vagrants leave their nations. These alleged push factors exist in the more unfortunate or struggle exhausted areas of the world and some of them are characterized as: disintegration and breaking down of multicultural states, joined by strict and ethnic clashes; increment in catastrophic events, the dynamic annihilation of significant biological systems and the related an unnatural weather change because of the mechanical monetary framework natural evacuees); segregation on different grounds; political shakiness and wars, proceeding with outfitted clashes (counting common wars); financial circumstance; wild populace development; tremendous contrasts in populace and monetary development; impoverishment, because of bombing social government assistance frameworks (EUROPOL, 2004). Thus, there are going with pull factors that make a few nations focus for vagrants: lack of labor; extensive standardized savings; positive monetary circumstance; equitable frameworks of government, political and social solidness; authentic connections; Ђ normal dialects; existing networks; desires (EUROPOL, 2004). We will compose a custom article test on Relocation or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page There are various reasons of movement. For example Castles characterizes movement occurring because of natural corruption and investigates interfaces between condition, strife and relocation (Castles, 2002). Anyway when the push factors are inspected, it very well may be seen that they can be gathered roughly under two classifications, that are, political and financial reasons of relocation. Reasons of movement have come to. This qualification came to explain different classes of transients and obligations of the host states towards these vagrants. With regards to monetary transients, it tends to be contended that the individual host states have had a higher influence notwithstanding universal network as far as choosing when and to what stretch out open their outskirts to financial vagrants. The visitor specialist program that was embraced by some West European states during the 1960s and the 1970s are a decent sign of this. At the point when the visitor specialist program filled its needs, have states could end the program without any assistance. Then again, on account of vagrants escaping their nations for political reasons a universal onsensus developed that compelled state activities. Relocation is a worldwide wonder. It is found in all geologies, among all social orders and all through all ages. Since forever, individuals moved starting with one spot then onto the next for different reasons: either for affordable reasons (starvation, floods, marketing, and so on ), political reasons (wars, overcomes, expulsions, and so forth. ) and different reasons (illnesses, natural changes, seismic tremors, and so on ) Thus, it very well may be contended that individuals have numerous inspirations to move. Notwithstanding, when we talk about movement it is significantly more of a mind boggling issue. Migration is identified with fringes, outskirt ontrols, political power over people groups developments. Movement happens when individuals moves starting with one nation then onto the next. This movement isn't constantly deliberate. Here and there, individuals want to move or can't come back to their countries because of reasons forced on them. A great many individuals are driven away from their nations of origin on account of oppressions and dread of mistreatment which is brought about by wars, equipped clashes, system changes and so forth. Those individuals look for shelter for a superior life in different nations. The European Union, which sets a model and norms for some nations on their ay to law based turn of events, is additionally a significant model for the advancement of haven and movement approaches. The Union is attempting to make a typical haven and migration approach region for the entire part states to receive and apply for security. Be that as it may, the issue is identified with outskirt control and regional sway and hence, part states are reluctant to share their territory of sway and powers with different elements. Along these lines, it may be expected that the Union is occupied with a troublesome errand. In this viewpoint, Turkey, being a competitor nation for the EIJ enrollment, is viewed as a significant partner for the Union. Turkeys fringes with the Middle Eastern nations and the Union establish significant issues for the Union. There are desires from Turkey for collaboration in the field of refuge and migration. It is extremely significant for Turkey to receive and apply the Acquis. Since Turkey doesn't have uncommon guidelines for the refuge searchers in its authoritative reports and laws, embracing and applying the Acquis is profoundly basic and essential for Turkey. In any case, there are additionally sure dangers Turkey faces while making strides referenced in the advancement reports. For instance, Turkeys geological impersonations for tolerating evacuees as per the 1951 Convention is profoundly censured by the Union yet Turkeys concerns are additionally significant stakes by then. The point of this examination is to get an unmistakable vision on the European Unions political motivation for a typical shelter and movement arrangement and the Europeanization of Turkey in that field. The issue of haven and movement is firmly connected to regional security and fringe controls and the neighboring nations or the part expresses whose outskirts concur with the Unions outside fringes are in a place of more profound obligation and higher danger of migration streams. Since Turkey is a competitor nation and is required to have fringes with the non-EU conditions of the Middle East, Turkey will likewise have higher obligation and more serious danger of managing the migration streams, when she Joins the Union. The word movement originates from the word relocation. Relocation intends to move starting with one spot then onto the next. The term is generally characterized as far as development of creatures, anyway since the theory is managing human movement, the definition utilized here spotlights on human relocation. With an attention on people, relocation is characterized as the development of people from one nation or region to another2. Be that as it may, this definition doesn't conceptualize the term adequately. Relocation is connected to development and space. The difference in regions the key factor. This territory change can be cross outskirts or inside a nation. Relocation can be characterized by the direction of the development; in the event that one leaves his/her nation, at that point it is called migration from some place and on the off chance that one moves to a nation, at that point it is called migration to somewhere3 . Individuals who move are then called outsiders. Types and explanations behind movement are not quite the same as one another. Individuals may have various reasons, various expectations to move. Reasons of movement may contrast. Financial, environmental, political, social reasons can be recorded as the significant ones. At the end of the day, individuals may move for different reasons, yet the significant viewpoint is that individuals will in general move and relocation is the purpose of human dynamism; without dynamism social orders, social gatherings kick the bucket. Along these lines, movement gives a sort of dynamism that is essential for the human social orders to develop6 . Additionally this dynamism can be forcibly; extraditions, movements are likewise kinds of migration. The need this time, is forced on individuals through dread, troubles, political reasons and additionally viciousness . Reasons of migration can be viewed as push factors. In the event that political, monetary and social states of the nation of birthplace lead people to consider movement then these conditions become the push factors. Be that as it may, the political, financial and social conditions are the draw factors; these components typically will in general contrast from nation to nation and can be viewed as motivations to pick a nation over another. 1. 2. Patterns in Migration to Europe and Basic Definitions Early twentieth century saw various enormous scope clashes, for example, the Balkan wars (1912-1913), world war I (1914-1918) and the Russian Revolution (1917), hich created huge human developments. As per Lavenex, these developments connoted that national outskirts couldn't be shut inconclusively and a legitimate status must be given to these people so as to permit them to move, remain or come back to their homes, lawfully (1999: 5). In any case, during the World War II outskirts of West European states were shut to an incredible quantities of Jews escaping Nazi mistreatment (Gibney, 2005: 2). After the finish of the War, the most considerable outskirt of all occasions that is, the Iron Curtain was raised. The Iron Curtain spoke to two ifferent political frameworks that apparent each other in moral terms as great or malevolence. With recollections of Jewish annihilation still alive, West European states felt obliged to acknowledge individuals escaping political abuse in the Soviet square. In the consequence of World War II as the associated powers were placing in the establishments ot another worldwide world request mind e n te Nations ( N) at its center, contrasts between the different sides of the Curtain came to rule conversations on for all intents and purposes each subject. The UN perceived the universal extension and nature of the outcast issue and prompted the formation of an International Refugee Organization IRO) in 1946 (Lavenex, 1999: 7). During the drafting of IRO sanction discussions were fixated on meaning of a displaced person and repatriation. The Eastern square restricted the thoughts that refusal of an exile and dread of abuse at home nation would be acknowledged as legitimate foundations for anticipation of repatriation (Lavenex, 1999: 7) . With end of the IROs command, UN General Assembly chose to build up the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in 1949. Since its origin, the UNHCR has been the primary scene for directing worldwide conversations and arrangement making on relocation I

Demonstrative Communication Essay - 825 Words

Demonstrative Communication (Essay Sample) Content: Demonstrative Communication[Insert Name Here][Insert University Here]A woman is greeted by a friend, asking her of how she was feeling after observing her seated at her desk in a rather sulky manner. Contrary to what the friend was expecting to hear, the woman replied that she was "fine and doing wellà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . If you were the friend, would you believe that the woman was actually "fine and doing well" despite the obvious hints in her behavior? Indeed, words have come out of her mouth indicating her reply and hence, the presence of communication. Then again, is it communication to the fullest? As there are other indicators present at the time, should the friend merely rely on the words said by the woman and believe it to be so without doubt? For certain, communication is an exchange of ideas, a sensible way towards establishing a connection between two or more people no matter the extent. However, communication is not simply to be taken in its plain form; more of ten than not, there are hidden messages behind them. In a manner of speaking, it could be said that what you hear isnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬t at all what you get. The use of language and words in communication lies in the domain of verbal communication. But while there is that, other indicators à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ oftentimes, subtle ones à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ play an important role in the process of interpreting the communication process itself as well; hence, Demonstrative Communication.Demonstrative Communication is defined by nonverbal as well as unwritten expressions of oneself. That said, it generally refers to the interpretation of language that is without the deliberate use of language itself; for the most part, demonstrative communication is transcended through behavior such as is the case with body language and facial expressions. However, while there are physical evidences of this aspect of communication, there are also cues, or hints, which are present even during verbal communication. These à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"hintsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ are subtle for the most part as such with the tone of the voice and even with the choice of words. The situation cited above is a good example of demonstrative communication; if anyone else were the friend in that instance, they wouldnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬t really believe the woman à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ her lips may say sheà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s "fine and doing well" but her actions say otherwise therefore, anyone would find her response quite doubtful.In expressing oneself, words usually arenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬t enough. In his book, Louder than Words, Barbour (1976) characterizes the impact of a message; apparently, it breaks down to 7 percent verbal (words), 38 percent vocal (volume, pitch, rhythm, etc) and 55 percent body movements (mostly facial expressions). On this basis, we find that actions do speak louder than words. For one, you cannot simply insist to believe a man who claims to be happy when his face is fixed on a frown; or for someone else to say she is listening when her head is rest ed on her hand and looking elsewhere while you speak. That is to say, a person cannot simply claim something when his/her actions show something opposite of it. In point of fact, the impact of a message is brought about by the attitude that is with it - a form of support to the claim being made is one way of looking at it. As such, you can easily spot whether the person opposite to you is lying or not as demonstrative indicators will show.Nonverbal expressions are one way of reassuring the other person of what you really are trying to express in spite of the words you offer at the time. As a matter of fact, besides the obvious notion of exchanging ideas, communication between the sender and the receiver can also be said to be effective if there is the apparent harmony between verbal and nonverbal implications.Furthermore, it also translates to what kind of person you are; though not precise, it tells a lot about yourself to a degree. For instance, a woman seated in a corner of a roo m with both her legs and her arms crossed, her head held high and her lips pursed could mean that this woman is either reserved, stern, proud, or all of the above; thereon, no other person would casually stride over to where she is and start a random conversation.

Criminal Law Term Paper - 2200 Words

Criminal Law (Term Paper Sample) Content: TitleName of the studentCourseSupervisorSubmission dateQuestion 1IntroductionGenerally, recklessness in criminal law is the act of taking risks that cannot be justified under the law. It gives a lot of difficulty under criminal law. In particular, there is trouble when it comes to making a determination whether to apply a subjective or the objective test in determining recklessness. In R v G R [2003] 3 WLR House of Lords, Two appellants, aged went for a camping adventure without their parents consent. They were minors aged 11 and 12 years. They boys came across some used newspapers outside a Co-op which they set on fire and then dropped under a wheelie bin. They assumed that they would burn out and so they left without putting the out. Consequently, the burning papers set on fire the wheelie bin and the fire spread causing damage worth more than  £1m. the court quashed the convictions of the two boys. The House overruled by the MPC v Caldwell [1982] AC 341.It came out that the test for recklessness for criminal damage is[E-lawresources.co.UK Mens rea à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Reckless Available at http://e-lawresources.co.uk/Mens-rea-reckless.php accessed 27th April 2015.] "A person acts recklessly within the meaning of section 1 of the Criminal Damage Act 1971 with respect to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ 1 He is well informed of the risk that is associated with the act he intends to engage in or is aware that such risks will exist. 2 A result when he is aware 3 A circumstance when he is aware of a risk that it exists or will exist; 4 He is aware of a risk that the risk will occur and it is, in the prevailing circumstances well known to him that it is unreasonable to take the risk."MPC v CaldwellÂ[1982] AC 341 The decision in this case led to what is commonly known as the Caldwell recklessness. According to this principle, a person is said to be reckless when the property is destroyed or damaged where (1) an act which in fact presents a possibility for occurrence of obvious risk that exposes the property to destroyed or damaged. andÂalso, when such a person performs an act that he or she either has not bothered to given any thought as to the probability of there existing any risk or has knowledge may be some risk involved but has nonetheless gone ahead to do it.[E-lawresources.co.UK Mens rea(n 1 above)] Caldwell recklessnessÂfundamentally changed the law and received extensive criticism. The tension was increased in the pull between subjective and objective testsÂofÂrecklessness. The trouble with aÂsubjective testÂis that the test was based wholly on the defendant's state of mind. The duty to prove that the defendant was in a position to foresee the risk solely remained on the prosecutor. It is agreeable in legal practice that it is not easy to prove the state of mind of a person. This approach provided a chance for many defendants to escape the grip of the law. Most of them presented lack of a proper state o f mind to foresee risk. Nevertheless,ÂCaldwell recklessnessÂtest is adapted to of causing injustices as it places liability on those who frankly did not foresee the occurrence of a risk, including those people who are not in a position to foreseeing a risk as the case of Â[E-lawresources.co.UK Mens rea(n 2 above)] Elliott v CÂ[1983] 1 WLR 939. A 14-year old girl of little intelligence started a fire in a shed. She poured white spirit on the floor and lit it. The court applied the test set in R v Caldwell but confined himself to "an obvious risk" the court acquitted the girl since she might not have given her acts a thought. Therefore the risk would not have been obvious to her.and this risk would not have been obvious to her or appreciated by her if she had thought about the matter. The prosecution appealed by way of case stated.Current applied testsToday, what recklessness is varies, subjective and objective tests are always applied in determining whether there was recklessness. The term subjective recklessness first appeared In R v Cunningham [1957] as a version of recklessness commonly known as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Cunningham Recklessnessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬, was developed. The offences that can be committed due to this recklessness include non-fatal offences against the person as well as rape. The Cunningham recklessness serves as a test for recklessness. Under this test, the court considers whether or not a person A consciously undertook an unjustified risk.Interestingly, InÂMPC v Caldwell (1982)Âand R v Lawrence [1982].objective recklessness was developed on the very same day the subjective test was developed in Cunninghamà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ first appeared. This became attest for recklessness and it is also known as called à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Caldwell/Lawrence Recklessnessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬There are very limited offences that can be committed with Lawrence Recklessness following the decision in R v GÂThen court under this test examines not mines whether or n ot there was obvious risk that a person A consciously offered to take or unconsciously took. It is a two limbs test whereby A does any act that creates serous but not negligible risk that have to be obvious to a prudent and reasonable man. Secondly, the court looks at the other limb whereby the court assess whether a person A was aware of existing risk but nonetheless choose to take it.Evaluating HerringBased on the current tests used to establish mens rea in recklessness, the law has not stabilized or com up with a balance in the test. As Jonathan Herring observes, Mens rea is the legal term for describing the mental state of a defendant. This mental state describes the criminal element in an offence classified under criminal law. He further states that there is no constant mental state for all crimes. According to him, different crimes possess different mens rea: some necessitate prove of intention while others recklessness. Negligence is also another mental state which may requi re prove for some crimes. In additional to this, knowledge may need to be proved in other crimes while other may not need prove of mens rea at all. Some crimes do not require proof of any mental state of the defendant. (Herring (2008) p.778)ConclusionThere are a number of test opposing each other as noted in the paper. Good laws are consistent with each other and where principles are found to operate; different principle should complement rather than contradict each other. As a mater of fact, the existing tests in criminal recklessness should be harmonized to ease the duties of key players in delivery of justice. For instance, when the mental state of an individual is solely relied on when establishing recklessness, prosecutors will have a difficult in trying to prove the mental state of an accused person. In such a case, many guilty persons may escape the grip of the law,Question 2Advise to GaryFirst the issues identified from the conduct of Gary are as followed. Gary seems to hav e been offending Ann by blocking the entrance to the house. His actions seems to be encouraged by the fact that he has been instructed that shelly does not move out more often so it would not be an issue if he parks outside Annaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s entrance. Due to his actions, Ann is angry and she comes yelling at him. In reaction to this, Gary grabs a spanner from his tool box and runs out of the house towards Anna. Gary smashes the spanner down on the head of the garden rake. The garden rake breaks into two pieces. In additional to that, Gary seems to be angry with Mark who comes shouting at them. Consequently, makes a dent in the side of the raspberry bath with the blunt end of a hammer and instruct Julie to take it back from where it ws bought now that it contained a dent. Further, Gary he places his tile cutter on the shelf. He knows that the shelf is only partially attached to the wall but he thinks it will be fine for a minute. However, the shelf gives way. The tile cutter falls int o the sink causing a large crackFollowing the following case scenario, Gary is to be found liable for a criminal offences committed by him as evident by his actions. To begin with, for him to be liable under criminal law, two things must be established, mens rea and actus reas.Gary has is liable for criminal recklessness for the in the following acts- grabbing a spanner from his tool box and runs out of the house towards Anna. Which results in smashing the spanner down on the head of the garden rake garden rake breaks it into two pieces. He has caused damage to the garden rake by breaking it into two pieces.He is also liable for causing damage to the makes a dent in the raspberry bath with the blunt end of a hammer.Assessing his actions, he is liable for damages mentioned above. The reasons for his liability is due to his action of engaging in actions which are reasonably foreseen as acts which could be risky to engage in. in addition to this, Gary is liable for criminal recklessne ss for throwing a brick towards Shellyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s front window. Particularly at this point of time, Garyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s intention to cause a crime is more pronounced, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬He wants Shelly to suffer the same inconvenience of carrying out repairs and also hopes she suffers a fright at having a brick land in her front room. His acts results in injuries of another neighborà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s feet. It is clear that he had no intention to harm that particular neighbor. Nonetheless, mistake is no defense in law. He cannot say that he did n...

Disney Analysis - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2146 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/09/11 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Case Analysis of The Walt Disney Company: The Magic of Disney Fall 2003 Sean Housley Haas School of Business University of California, Berkeley MBA Candidate, Spring 2004 [emailprotected] berkeley. edu Abstract Disney has led the entertainment industry for much of its storied 80-year history. What exactly is the ‘Magic of Disney’? And how has Disney sustained the magic for so long? This paper analyzes Disney’s historical competitive advantage, drawing emphasis on the remarkable synergies Disney created across its various businesses. This paper then addresses the contributions of CEO Michael Eisner, credited with restoring Disney to greatness in the mideighties. Finally, this paper evaluates Disney’s growth strategy over the last decade. Sustainable Success Disney is an outstanding example of a company that has maintained its competitive advantage by routinely making wise decisions about what resources and capabilities to acquire, invest in, and develop. Further, Disney has exhibited an uncanny ability to successfully make decisions about what to do with its resources and capabilities given its competitive environment. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Disney Analysis" essay for you Create order These decisions constitute Disney’s strategy. And, while Disney’s strategic decision-making record is not perfect, it is strikingly superior to most firms. 1 As with enduring market leaders in other industries, Disney’s sustainability is explained by elements of its strategy that are heterogeneous, are inimitable, exhibit foresight, and include imperfectly mobile and co-specialized elements. Heterogeneity Disney is different. No other entertainment company – perhaps no other company period – evokes the feeling of wholesome family goodness that does Disney. Disney has taken extreme care from its early roots under founder Walt Disney in 1928 to ensure that its image is fun, imaginative, clean, and appeals to people of all ages. It places high priority on making products predictable and safe. The control of image and attention to detail exists throughout the company; from the theme parks, which are washed down each night; to the retail stores, which bear twice the construction cost of the U. S. average; to the licensing of characters themselves, which in some cases require approval from CEO Michael Eisner himself. Disney bolsters this image by encouraging creativity and innovation among employees. It further reinforces its unique culture by training employees at Disney University, by maintaining company archives to preserve its history, and by promoting from within. Inimitability Walt Disney said, â€Å"It all started with a mouse. † Actually, preceding Mickey was Oswald, the Lucky Rabbit. However, Walt Disney lost the rights to Oswald because he did not own the copyright. What he gained instead was an early education in the value of intellectual property. Since that time, Disney’s tight control over its properties have given it a strong defense against entrants and competing incumbents. Fortified by these protected characters, Disney has built a strong brand that further deters competitors’ efforts to imitate. Finally, 1 For example, Harvard Business School Case The Walt Disney Company (A): Corporate Strategy (Michael Porter, 1988) cites industry estimates that only 20% of films in the 1980s were profitable. The case indicates that Disney, on the other hand, produced profit on â€Å"nearly all† pictures produced from October 1984 to March 1988, at the targeted production rate of 15-18 new films per year. Disney’s corporate culture, resting squarely upon Walt’s legacy and vision and bolstered by Michael Eisner, adds to Disney’s inimitability. Strategic Foresight Despite early failure of his first cartoon business, Walt Disney had the vision and confidence to pursue several previously untested ideas. In 1928, Disney released the world’s first fully synchronized sound cartoon, â€Å"Steamboat Willie†. In 1937, Disney rel eased the first full-length, full-color animated feature, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. He had the strategic foresight to remain true to wholesome family entertainment despite the temptations of cheaper production (using live actors), a mistake the company temporarily fell into after Walt’s death in 1966. He also correctly predicted that television would be an important medium, and introduced the highly popular â€Å"Mickey Mouse Club† in 1955. Finally, Disney correctly bet big on entering theme parks with Disneyland in 1955. Imperfect Mobility and Co-specialization Disney’s strong legal protection makes it nearly impossible for competitors to copy or imitate Disney’s characters. In addition, the parts comprising the Disney whole would be of less valuable to a poacher than they are to Disney. This is because, for Disney, the sum of the parts is greater than the whole. In a word, synergy. Even if a competitor succeeded in hiring away key talent, for example, the competitor would still lack the tradition, culture, and complementary assets that make up Disney. Synergy Disney has mastered the art of the cross-sell. It has done so by leveraging its characters and carefully controlling its image, driving toward a unified, highly valued customer experience. An example best illustrates this. Consider a typical multi-day family trip to Disney World. A family books lodging months in advance at a hotel inside the park. It does so because it knows that the hotel has the best location, is highly demanded, and will provide good hospitality. Being lodged inside the park, the family eats at Disney-owned restaurants and perhaps buys Disney merchandise. All the while the family willing pays prices that are higher than would be charged by comparable hotels, restaurants, and theme parks. It does so happily because it considers the experience a good value. But wait, there’s more. Consider what makes Disney World the world’s number one destination resort in the first place. It is fueled by the positive experience generated by other 3 Disney productions – most likely the lovable characters of the Disney family. 2 While in the park, children clamor to meet the Disney characters scattered throughout the park. This memorable and emotional experience further fuels demand for home videos, books, television broadcasts, or retail purchases. And the kids (and often parents) can’t wait for the next trip to Disney World, completing the cycle. This complex but carefully orchestrated web of complementary businesses is the ‘Magic of Disney’. It’s what drives major advertisers such as Delta Airlines and Coca-Cola to pay for the right to feature Disney World in their own promotions. Michael Eisner Following the deaths of Walt (1966) and Roy Disney (1971), the company strayed somewhat from its roots and performance began to suffer. In October 1984, Michael Eisner was named Disney’s chairman and CEO. He took everal actions to rejuvenate the company. First, Eisner recruited new management, changed the corporate structure, and changed the company name. He then outlined the company’s overall corporate objectives, intended to reignite a creative spark in the core businesses of theme parks, filmed entertainment, and consumer products. He controlled movie budgets by imposing a â€Å"financial b ox† within which the creative talent had to operate. He struck the right balance. As a result of improved cost control and brilliant scripting, casting, and production3, Disney won at the box office. From 1984 to 1987, market share leapt from 4% to 14% and revenues increased from $245 million to $876 million. In addition, Katzenberg, under Eisner, took the bold step to increase film production to 15 to 18 new films per year, up from only 2 new releases in 1984. Eisner also expanded the animation staff to support the release of a new animated feature every 12 to 18 months. Furthermore, the cycle of reissuing animated classics to theaters was shortened from every seven years to every five years. Film and TV income over the period improved from $2 million to $131 million. Eisner also introduced an innovative and effective â€Å"sell-through† approach to Home Video pricing, whereby classic animated titles would be released for sale for two years, then withdrawn for five years. The strategy yielded retailer margins of 30-40 percent, much better than the industry average of 20-30 percent. Accompanied by aggressive marketing campaigns, 2 3 Walt was right. It really did all start with a mouse. Credited to Jeffrey Katzenberg, who was hired by Eisner from Paramount in 1984. 4 Disney nearly doubled its share of the videocassette market from 5. % to 10% on revenue growth of $42 million to $213 million from 1984 to 1987. In addition to video sales, Disney strengthened its place in the home market by establishing a major presence in television. The Disney Channel was launched in 1983 and profitably grew to be the fourth largest pay-channel, with nearly four million subscribers, by 1987. In 1985, Disney successfully launched animated children’s tele vision cartoons and also had success with first-run cartoon syndications. To rejuvenate Consumer Products, Eisner arefully managed licensing products ranging from children’s records to educational materials and emphasized â€Å"strategic alliance† promotions with major names like Sears and McDonalds. In 1987, Disney launched Disney Stores. Despite twice the average construction costs, the stores generated profits on sales volumes that were three to five times the U. S. average. In addition, Disney entered mail order retailing with its 1985 catalog launch, which reached over eight million people. From 1984 to 1987, Consumer Products’ revenue grew from $110 million to $167 million, netting income growth from $57 million to $97 million. Finally, under Eisner, Disney aggressively grew its theme park business. Despite spending $50 million in 1984 to refurbish Fantasyland and spending tens of millions to add new attractions, theme park income grew from $186 million (revenue $1,097 million) to $549 million (revenue $1,834 million) during the period from 1984 to 1987. Disney achieved these results by advertising nationally on television for the first time in 1985 and opening Disneyland on Mondays, on which it was previously closed for maintenance. Disney also kept pace with increasing demand by steadily pushing park ticket prices up to about twice the industry average. And, despite removing restrictions on the number of visitors, the parks continued to provide an exceptional visitor experience. Overall, the period from 1984 to 1987 saw tremendous growth. Sales climbed from $1. 6 billion to $2. 9 billion and income grew from $100 million to $450 million over the period. Return on equity more than doubled, going from 9. 3% to 21. 3%. Eisner’s most important contribution between 1984 and 1987 was to restore the ‘Magic’ to Disney. More concretely, by priming the pump with a disciplined emphasis on creativity and innovation, Eisner was able to exploit the synergies generated by Disney’s highly complementary businesses units. Exploiting these synergies was the mechanism by which Eisner maximized shareholder wealth, while simultaneously reinforcing the other corporate objectives that emphasized sustainability, image and brand. 5 The Past Decade Source: https://host. wallstreetcity. com/wsc2/Chart. html, 10/22/03 As observed in the above ten-year chart, Disney’s share performance has lagged the SP 500 market index over the past decade. One may also observe that the underperformance has mainly occurred in the past five years. The 30-year graph below adds some helpful context. From it, we gain a better appreciation for the challenge of sustaining 20 percent growth per year over a long period of time. Disney has attempted to grow its core businesses internationally while exploring new markets domestically such as sports, live Broadway productions, cruise lines, real estate development, and radio and television broadcasting. Disney has had mixed success in these areas. Source: https://host. wallstreetcity. om/wsc2/Chart. html, 10/22/03 6 International expansion of theme parks was a logical growth option for Disney to pursue, particularly following the company’s good experience with Tokyo Disneyland. However, Euro Disney was disappointing. A behemoth American-style theme park simply did not fit culturally in Paris. Disney’s expansion into live Broadway shows also appeared to be a risk worth taking. It is a natural application of their core competency: providing a high-quality entertainment experience. In fact, Disney’s production of Beauty and the Beast was a Broadway hit. Given Disney’s experience with hospitality, their cruise line and vacation club expansion ideas also appeared promising. And, excepting the recent media snafu regarding food-poisoned cruise passengers, these ventures have sailed smoothly. Disney’s foray into sports, particularly the violent game of hockey, seems misplaced. Despite strong advantages of a franchise owner having broadcasting ability and the ability to promote merchandise, ownership of a hockey expansion team did not fit the image of the company that fostered lovable cartoon characters. Thus, despite the success of the movie promoting The Mighty Ducks, along with lucrative merchandising, the venture failed to produce expected results. While the combination of media ownership and sports worked quite well in other markets, the Disney empire is quite different than the Ted Turner empire. Disney’s entry into residential real estate development also seems misplaced. It is unclear how this complements or enhances their other businesses. Finally, Disney’s acquisition of ABC seems sensible. And, Disney has successfully used the national media outlet to return Sunday night Disney programming to a national audience. The move also gives Disney sure footing in the Saturday morning cartoon space. Overall, it appears to support the type of synergy for which Disney has come to be known. On the other hand, Disney must carefully guard its image. Ownership of a more mainstream media outlet introduces some risk to the squeaky-clean image that has served the company well for the majority of its fabled eighty years. Overall, it appears that Disney is struggling to maintain growth. It must be careful not to lose focus and inadvertently compromise its magic. 7

Math And Science Can Be Taught - 1623 Words

I have learned many lessons from the text including the different ways in which math and science can be studied. I know that both subjects are important in order to establish a well-rounded education but I did not know that they encapsulated so much more than their specific subject. Like science, math allows students to practice vital problem solving skills. Math is a necessary subject for all students because it exists within all subjects. Students are able to learn to work with logic puzzles and other problems to establish understanding. â€Å"Mathematics’ concepts such as money, measurement, size, shape, addition, subtraction (which leads to being able to do bookkeeping, balancing checkbooks and bank statements, buying goods and services)†¦show more content†¦My friends also had questions about this because it was very different from the money they have used in Saudi Arabia. I really enjoy classes that can marry learning and culture because it makes the lessons more memorable. Learning about math and culture helped me remember the lesson. Often times in math classes teachers are the ones who speak the most, â€Å"...there is little opportunity in the mathematics classroom for students to interact verbally with other peers about mathematics’ real issues† (Carrasquillo Rodriguez, 2002, 149). This can be problematic. If an ELL student becomes confused during a lesson or is unable to understand the word being used, they can quickly fall behind, this has happened to me several times since I began my education in America. Math is a fast paced course and a course past knowledge is built from. This means that teachers should get creative when it comes time for student engagement.. ELL students may feel more comfortable in subjects like math because there is little talking involved. This does not mean that learning is not involved it should translate into different ways of learning. Many students learn to problem solve and reason in math, which is why the subject matter is needed in schools for all students. Tea chers should be mindful of application when teaching students and because that is one of the only ways teachers can get

Argumentative Essay On Abortion - 1546 Words

Margaret Sanger once said that â€Å"No woman can call herself free until she can choose consciously whether she will or will not be a mother.† Abortion is the way of ending pregnancy by removing the fetus or embryo before it can survive outside the matrix, which can also allow women to choose whether they want to become a mother or not. However, people have developed the controversy about abortions. Abortion debate is an ongoing debate which has involved moral, legal, biological and religious status of the induced abortion. In this controversy, there are two groups emerged. The group of people who hold the opinion that abortion should be prohibited is known as pro-life, while those who think that abortion should be legal is called pro-choice.†¦show more content†¦The abortion debate are caused, because people are divided over the rights of unborn child. The unborn rights generally means moral or legal rights that human unborn child should have. The pro-choice support ers hold the opinion that unborn child should be considered as human, which means they should has the same right just as other human does. For example, in â€Å"Polish Women Protest Planned Abortion Ban† ( 2016), author has pointed out that the aim of the abortion ban is to stop discrimination against children before they are born; which means that unborn children should have the right to not be discriminated against their genders just like everyone else. In their opinions, abortion is a way to deprive unborn children of their rights. Therefore, the abortion should be banned, due to the fact that they deserve to have their own rights. However, the pro-choice supporters think that in the early stage of the pregnancy, the unborn children cannot even be concerned as living creature, which means that they can not have any right. According to Nielsen (2013), before eight weeks of pregnancy, which is when most women seek abortions, a bug even has more characteristics of being an al ive creature than a fetus. In the other words, the fetus within eight weeks gestation should be no different from insects. Since the insects do not have any right, the fetus before eight weeks of pregnancyShow MoreRelatedAbortion Argumentative Essay : Abortion934 Words   |  4 PagesJensen English April 29, 2014 Abortion Argumentative Essay On average about 41.6 million unborn children are aborted every year. Abortion is killing an unborn baby and it should be illegal. Abortion is wrong because it supports irresponsibility by parents. It gives the unborn children no choice or opportunity at life. In addition, instead of abortion, parents could put up the child for adoption, benefiting people that cannot have children of their own. 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This chapter is an overview of relevant literature to this...

This chapter is an overview of relevant literature to this study. First of all, it elaborates on the essence of literary works especially on poetry and poetry reading and theories supporting them. Then, it provides a brief presentation of current theories on literature and language reading. This will be followed by a review of related topics such as reading in a foreign language. After that, reading strategies and their characteristics will be explained. After examining the theories, there will be an elaboration on the main instrument of this study. Finally, their characteristics will be explained as the reading strategies of the poems in this study are going to be categorized according to its strategy categorization. In this chapter, the†¦show more content†¦Such a strong conjunction differentiates our readings to beyond the New Criticism and Reader-Response theory. The New Critics, such as Culler (1997, p. 122), discussed that poems are not historical works, and there should not be any room for intentions of the writers in interpreting them. Moreover, Reader-Response theory explains that the work is not an objective thing but the readers experience (Culler, 1997, p. 123). Reader-Response theorists expect the reader to sense the text in a way that is relevant to his experiences. The researcher believes that such kind of sources of information clarifies the vision as the poem interpreter. Vico (1990) explains that physical impulses, like senses, stimulate the imagination to have feelings to nature, New Critics call it as pathetic fallacy. This process leads to a kind of division between poetry and science, and also between modern poets and their predecessors. 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Examination of the slave experience Essay Example For Students

Examination of the slave experience Essay Most African Americans of the early to mid-nineteenth century experienced slavery on plantations similar to the experiences described by Frederick Douglass; the majority of slaves lived on units owned by planters who had twenty or more slaves. The planters and the white masters of these agrarian communities sought to ensure their personal safety and the profitability of their enterprises by using all the tactics-physical and psychological-at their command to make slaves obedient. Even Christianity was manipulated in a way that masters communicated to their slaves that God had commanded them to obey their masters. Hence, by word and deed whites tried to convince blacks that they had been ordained superior thus affording them the right to rule over blacks. However, it is a great tribute to the extraordinary resourcefulness and spirit of African Americans that most of them resisted these pressures and managed to retain an inner sense of their own individuality and worth. Still, the reas on why African Americans were able to maintain a sense of individuality and worth remains disputed. Only a tiny fraction of all slaves ever took part in organized acts of violent resistance against white power. Most realized as Frederick Douglass did that the odds against a successful revolt were very high, and bitter experience had shown them that the usual outcome was death to the rebels. Consequently, they devised sublime, safer and more ingenious ways to resist white dominance. For Frederick Douglass, it was clear that his way of fighting the power was to become educated so that he may better understand his predicament and the wrongfulness of slavery. However, he described that knowing that: witwas the pathway from slavery to freedom. (pg. 58) Reading enabled me to utter my thoughts, and to meet the arguments brought forward to sustain slavery; but while it relieved me of one difficulty, it brought on another even more painful than the one of which I was relieved. The more I read the more I was led to abhor and detest my enslavers. (pg. 61) The knowledge which Frederick Douglas s gained, did not free him from his horrible situation, but rather compounded his discontentment as a slave. It is hard to determine how other slaves were able to maintain a sense of individuality and worth, despite not having the opportunity or possess the resourcefulness to obtain the knowledge of Frederick Douglass. Nevertheless, most slaves had established and participated in a subculture separate from any other in the United States at that time. One might argue that it was from the realm of this subculture and fundamental beliefs, derived from the horrible experiences of slavery, that provided African Americans the strength necessary to hold their heads high and look beyond their immediate condition. Religion was the essence of the newly emerging African American subculture. Borrowed from the fiery revivalism of white participants of the first Great Awakening and their own African religions, slaves created their own version of Christianity. Miraculously, they broke away from th e teachings that their white masters had bestowed upon them, which taught them that blacks were commanded by God to obey their superior white masters. Instead they developed beliefs that they were not inferior, but were created equally in the eyes of God, and thus deserved equality. Their new religion stressed fellowship, brotherly love, equality, and salvation from slavery. Frederick Douglass observations of some of the songs sung at church and in the fields are as follows:They the songs told a tale of woe which was then altogether beyond my feeble comprehension; they were tones loud, long, and deep; they breathed the prayer and complaint of souls boiling over with the bitterest anguish. Every tone was a testimony against slavery, and a prayer to God for deliverance from chains. (pg. 47)The true religion was practiced at night, often secretly, and was led by black preachers. The underground slave religion was a highly emotional affair that consisted of singing, shouting, and dancin g. For Frederick Douglass and all other slaves, the singing of songs and religion were more of an affirmation of the joy in life rather than a rejection of worldly pleasures and temptations. They spoke out against the perils of bondage and asserted their right to be free. .u431e624c0075b85dfc59107d33749724 , .u431e624c0075b85dfc59107d33749724 .postImageUrl , .u431e624c0075b85dfc59107d33749724 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u431e624c0075b85dfc59107d33749724 , .u431e624c0075b85dfc59107d33749724:hover , .u431e624c0075b85dfc59107d33749724:visited , .u431e624c0075b85dfc59107d33749724:active { border:0!important; } .u431e624c0075b85dfc59107d33749724 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u431e624c0075b85dfc59107d33749724 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u431e624c0075b85dfc59107d33749724:active , .u431e624c0075b85dfc59107d33749724:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u431e624c0075b85dfc59107d33749724 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u431e624c0075b85dfc59107d33749724 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u431e624c0075b85dfc59107d33749724 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u431e624c0075b85dfc59107d33749724 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u431e624c0075b85dfc59107d33749724:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u431e624c0075b85dfc59107d33749724 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u431e624c0075b85dfc59107d33749724 .u431e624c0075b85dfc59107d33749724-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u431e624c0075b85dfc59107d33749724:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Nazisme EssayDespite the success of African Americans to develop a subculture, which afforded them an escape from their hardcore reality, pain and struggle persisted. There are many similarities, which can be drawn from the experiences of slavery as described by Frederick Douglass and the analogy to a Nazi prison camp included in the Stanley Elkins Thesis. Elkins asserted that slavery in the United States was similar to the conditions of a Nazi concentration camp because both exerted total physical and psychological control over its subordinates. In both cases, the subordinates were not allowed any personal freedoms, which included education, leisure, or any other personal allowance. Thomas Auld, the master of Frederick Douglass in Baltimore, said A nigger should know nothing but to obey his master-to do as he is told to do. (pg. 57) He was referring to the wrongfulness of his wifes attempt to educate Frederick Douglass. Implicitly, this was the view held by most whites toward African Americans. Consequently, other adjectives such as: lazy, irresponsible, childlike, and simple-minded, were used by whites to describe the African American character. These reports coincide with observations made by Frederick Douglass referring to the attitude whites possessed toward African Americans. Of course the main goal, as seen by Elkins, and Douglass, of the whites was to suppress any notion of African American individuality. Furthermore, it stole the African American sense of independence and created the false image of black childlike dependence on their white masters. That combined with the fact that most African Americans were born into slavery disallowed them any experience of freedom or of Africa by which they may make comparisons to their situation of total bondage. Again, this takes us back to the problem to what extent African Americans were able to retain a sense of individuality and worth. If Elkins postulation is correct, it would be hard to believe that any identity at all could be retained under such harsh conditions. However, in the accounts of Frederick Douglass and other slaves it is obvious that there was indeed evidence of individuality, which included the religious subculture developed by African Americans, and the fact that Frederick Douglass as well as other slaves had escaped or aspired to escape the perils of slavery. Therefore, I would assert that it was merely the fact that whites so desperately tried to keep blacks from achieving the freedom enjoyed by whites, which served as the example by which blacks were able to derive their notion of equality. After all, it was written in the Declaration of Independence and th e Bible that humans were created equally and had the right to pursue happiness. The notion of human equality existed in theory but not in practice; whites had it, slaves wanted it. I would also argue that African Americans knew this and that is how an African American subculture and any other evidence of individuality developed and afforded them the notion of equality. Hence, these developments arose out of the African Americans need to survive psychologically. By the time of the movement toward abolition had developed, there was an obvious schism of opinion about slavery, which had developed between abolitionist whites, slaves and white slaveholders. People like Frederick Douglass who preached abolition of slavery, only had to nurture the already existing spirit within slaves to strive for freedom. Bibliography:

Eddies actions Essay Example For Students

Eddies actions Essay To an audience watching this particular scene when the play first was released in theatres, they would be not only shocked by Eddies actions, but also repulsed, because in the early nineteen hundreds, homosexuality was highly frowned upon and seen as a disgusting global epidemic that spread sexually transmitted infections (STIs). To people then, if someone was a homosexual then they were lower than them. Eddies actions would have very dramatically impaired their opinion of Eddie, making them think of him as a more disgraceful person. Strangely, affect the kiss, the relationship between Catherine and Eddie has not been completely destroyed, however it is almost totally gone. By the end of the play, their relationship (along with Eddie) is dead. The action that breaks it completely is Eddie telephone call to the Immigration Office; a manoeuvre that he hoped would get Rodolfo out of his life for good, but ended up having drastic consequences that no one would have imagined happening. At this point in the play and at this point in Eddies mind, he is willing to do anything to get rid of Rodolfo so that he can claim Catherine for himself. He is even willing to break all of the ethical rules of immigrated families and tell the authorities on one of his own kind.  If I were in charge of directing this scene on stage, I would need to make sure that the actors playing the characters were able to cover a wide range of emotions because the final scenes features emotional roller-coasters for all characters. When Eddie calls the Immigration Office, I would cast the lighting so that it was dark, and try to have Eddie talking in a phone box in the middle of the stage, with half of his face covered in light and the other half shrouded by the dark. By doing this, it would show the audience how two-faced Eddie really is and how evil he has turned from a once good person. When Catherine discovers what it is that Eddie has done to Rodolfo, and to Marco as well, she realises that there is no longer any kind of relationship between her and Eddie, and all that she feels for him is anger, hate, and what once was pity has now turned into disgust and loathing. She sees him as a rat! He belongs in the sewer! He bites people when they sleep! He comes when nobodys lookin and poisons decent people! In the garbage he belongs! She wants everyone to know what kind of person she is and what he can do with his manipulative, but not to mention confused and twisted, mind. The first time that Catherine announced her and Rodolfos engagement, she wished more than anything for Eddie to put his issues behind him and bless them as a couple, and she also wished for him to go to their wedding without a grudge. But, because of the actions that Eddie has carried out, and because of the words he has spoken, Catherine only wishes now for him to stay as far away from her as possible. At the end of the play, Catherine decided many things about Eddie Carbone (this is shown in all its entirety when Catherine doesnt say a word when Eddie is stabbed, and it is only when he is clearly dying that she apologises for her actions). The first of these is that he is not worth anyones trouble, because if you give him any effort of your own, hell turn it against you and throw it back in your face. .uc7c081fa634e471e8467cfa667a7633c , .uc7c081fa634e471e8467cfa667a7633c .postImageUrl , .uc7c081fa634e471e8467cfa667a7633c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc7c081fa634e471e8467cfa667a7633c , .uc7c081fa634e471e8467cfa667a7633c:hover , .uc7c081fa634e471e8467cfa667a7633c:visited , .uc7c081fa634e471e8467cfa667a7633c:active { border:0!important; } .uc7c081fa634e471e8467cfa667a7633c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc7c081fa634e471e8467cfa667a7633c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc7c081fa634e471e8467cfa667a7633c:active , .uc7c081fa634e471e8467cfa667a7633c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc7c081fa634e471e8467cfa667a7633c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc7c081fa634e471e8467cfa667a7633c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc7c081fa634e471e8467cfa667a7633c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc7c081fa634e471e8467cfa667a7633c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc7c081fa634e471e8467cfa667a7633c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc7c081fa634e471e8467cfa667a7633c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc7c081fa634e471e8467cfa667a7633c .uc7c081fa634e471e8467cfa667a7633c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc7c081fa634e471e8467cfa667a7633c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Elsinore in ashes. (theater in former Yugoslavia) EssayAnother conclusion that Catherine came to about Eddie is that he is a sick, mentally twisted and perverted human being, who cant accept it if something is taken away from him unwillingly. But the most important decision that Catherine has made about Eddie is that he cannot let the ones he loves leave his so called parentally guiding grasp. If he does lose a loved one, be it by death, moving location or to another man, he will try everything he can to try and get them back. This feeling of Catherine is what motivates the entire story and what causes Eddie to go to the extremes that he finally did go to. In Conclusion Throughout the play, we see the character Eddie Carbone deteriorate as a husband, as an uncle and also as a human being. We realise what type of person he really is when he finds out that his niece is in love with another man and he gradually loses all sagacious control over his thoughts, words and actions. His wife may be the first person to notice how obvious his incestuous feelings have become, but it is not long before Marco, Rodolfo and unfortunately Catherine notice them too. The four major events that happen after this group realisation (the destruction of Catherine and Eddies relationship, the kisses from Eddie to Catherine and Rodolfo, the barging in of the immigration officers and the climactic death of Eddie) are all caused by Eddies irate actions and debauched feelings. The relationship between Eddie and Catherine was always doomed to end in tragedy, because from the first instance we see them speak together, there is clearly some friction and frustration between the two. This friction is made a lot more prominent as the story develops, and by comparing the monstrous creature the Eddie has turned into at the end of the play to the once innocent and protective person that Eddie once was at the beginning, it is easy to see how much difference simple emotions such as jealousy, lust, passion, hate and anger can do to a man and to those around him who he loves.

Southwest Airlines Case Analysis Essay Example

Southwest Airlines Case Analysis Essay Southwest History 1966: Rollin King marched into Herb Kelleher’s law office with a plan to start a low-cost/low-fare airline that would shuttle passengers between San Antonio, Dallas, and Houston. Thought of this idea because businessmen were complaining about the commute. 1967: Kelleher filed papers to incorporate the new airline and submitted an application to the Texas Aeronautics Commission for the new company to serve Dallas, Houston, and San Antonio. 4 year legal and regulatory battle from rival airlines 1971 (January): Lamar Muse brought in as the CEO to get operations under way. Boeing supplied three new 737s, discounted price by $1 million (5gt;4) and financed 90% of the $12 million deal. 1971 (June): Southwest initiated its first flights with a schedule that soon included 6 round-trips between Dallas and San Antonio and 12 round-trips between Houston and Dallas. Disappointing results despite only $20 fare compared to rivals $27-28. Their funds stretched thin and they were putting fuel on Muse’s credit card. Employee morale was high. 1971 (November): Muse came up with idea to offer $10 fare to passengers on the Friday-night Houstongt;Dallas flight. The flight sold-out without advertising. Muse came up with a two-tier on-peak and off-peak pricing structure. BEGINNING OF THE NO-LAYOFF POLICY, they have never laid off or furloughed any employees. 1972: Moved flights in Houston from the newly opened Houston Intercontinental Airport to the abandoned Houston Hobby Airport (for money and location reasons). 1973: Reported its first-ever annual profit in 1973. Introduced a profit-sharing plan for senior employees (first in the airline industry) -Rest of the 1970s consisted of legal battles- 1977: Listed on the NYSE 978: Muse resigned; Howard Putnam became CEO after Kelleher turned down the offer. 1979: First route outside Texas (New Orleans) 1981: Putnam resigned; Kelleher became CEO. Southwest had 27 planes, $270 million in revenues, 2100 employees, and 14 destination cities. Kelleher did not run from his office but among the troops. 1983: 3 additional Boeing 737s purchased; Southwest flies more than 9. 5 million passengers. 1984: Sout hwest is ranked first in customer satisfaction among the U. S. airlines for the fourth straight year. 1985: Service begins to St. We will write a custom essay sample on Southwest Airlines Case Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Southwest Airlines Case Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Southwest Airlines Case Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Louis and Chicago Midway. Southwest named the Ronald McDonald House as its primary charity (a pilot lost his daughter to leukemia). 1986: Southwest flies more than 13 million passengers. 1988: Southwest becomes the first U. S. airline to win the Triple Crown (best on-time record, fewest reports of mishandled baggage, and fewest complaints per 100,000 passengers) for a single month. 1990: Revenues reach $1 billion; only major U. S. airline to record both an operating and a net profit. The Culture Committee was formed to promote â€Å"Positively Outrageous Service. † 992: First annual Triple Crown; second-year running they were the only major U. S. airline to record both an operating and a net profit. 1993: Begins operations on the East Coast and wins second annual Triple Crown; revenues exceed $2 billion and profits exceed $100 million. Third consecutive year of being the only U. S. airline to record both an operating and net profit. 1994: Introduced ticketless travel in four c ities; third Triple Crown; acquires Morris Air (Salt Lake City) 1995: Ticketless travel becomes available system-wide; fourth consecutive Triple Crown. 996: Service to Florida begins; fifth consecutive Triple Crown; ~$740,000 to RMDH 1997: Service begins to Southwest’s 50th city; more than 50 million people fly Southwest. 1998: Named by Fortune as the best company to work for in America 1999: Service is added to three more cities. 2000: # of passengers exceeds 60 million; revenues surpass $5 billion; 28th consecutive year of profitability; 9th consecutive year of increased profits; becomes the 4th largest U. S. airline in terms of passengers carried. 2001: 30th Consecutive year of profitability; only U. S. airline to report a profit; record 64. million passengers 2001 (June): Kelleher stepped down as CEO but stayed chairman of the Board. James Parker and another trusted protege became CEO. 2002: Ranks second among companies across all industry groups (first in airlines) on Fo rtune’s 2002 list of most admired companies. Began changing the look of its planes. 2004: Parker retired unexpectedly. Gary Kelly appointed CEO. 2005: Becomes 2nd largest U. S. airline in terms of passengers carried. First significant blemish on Southwest’s safety record (overshot runway in Chicago). 2006: A record 96. 3 million passengers fly Southwest. 007: Becomes the largest U. S. airline in terms of passengers carried; profitable for the 35th consecutive year; named to Business Week’s first ever â€Å"Customer Service Champs† list and is voted â€Å"Overall Best Airline in the U. S. They introduced the Business Select fare to attract economy-minded business travelers. Did an â€Å"Extreme Gate Makeover† to improve experience. Ticketless travel accounted for more than 95% of all sales. Operation Kick Tail (customer service initiative) launched. 2008: More people were flying Southwest than any other U. S. airline and they were the only U. S. Air carrier that was consistently profitable and had been since 1973. Southwest did not choose to use a la carte pricing like other airlines; they stuck with an all-inclusive fare. Mission statement was revised to highlight customer service commitment. Belated Aircraft Inspections further tarnish Southwest’s reputation (placed three employees on leave). 2008 (May): Kelleher resigned as chairman of the board. Kelly assumed chairman of the board, president, and CEO. Southwest Financial and Statistical Background Key Financial Ratios | 2005| 2006| 2007| 2008| Gross Profit Margin| 31. 2%| 30. 54%| 26. 63%| 22. 07%| Operating Profit Margin| 9. 56%| 10. 28%| 8. 02%| 4. 07%| Net Profit Margin| 6. 38%| 5. 49%| 6. 54%| 1. 61%| Return on Total Assets| 3. 46%| 3. 71%| 3. 85%| 1. 27%| Return on Stockholders Equity| 7. 25%| 7. 74%| 9. 29%| 3. 59%| Earnings Per Share| 61. 00%| 63. 00%| 85. 00%| 24. 00%| Current Ratio| 94. 07%| 90. 09%| 91. 84%| 94. 55%| Quick Ratio| 90. 18%| 89. 37%| 87. 34 %| 88. 80%| Working Capital| -$228| -$286| -$395| -$153| Routes and Flight Data May 2008 serves 52 U. S. cities. Currently serves 69 U. S. cities. Top 10 Airports: May 2008| Current| Las Vegas| Las Vegas| Chicago Midway| Chicago Midway| Phoenix| Phoenix| Baltimore/Washington| Baltimore/Washington| Oakland| Denver| Houston Hobby| Houston Hobby| Dallas – Love Field| Dallas – Love Field| Los Angeles| Los Angeles| Orlando| Oakland| San Diego| San Diego| Aircraft Fleet: | May 2008| Current| Total A/C: | 527| 544| Total Seats:| 71,824| 74,153| †¢Southwest tested Wi-Fi on four of there airplanes, and in late 2009, made the decision to begin installing satellite-delivered broadband from their Wi-Fi provider, Row 44, on the rest of their fleet. Southwest estimates that heir entire fleet will be Wi-Fi enabled in the 2013 timeframe. Number of Domestic Passengers by Air Carrier | 2000| 2005| 2006| 2007| Q1 2008| Southwest| 15. 32%| 19. 63%| 21. 68%| 21. 95%| 23. 21%| American| 14. 42%| 17. 16%| 17. 29%| 16. 48%| 16. 64%| Delta| 20. 68%| 17. 22%| 14. 29%| 13. 26%| 13. 43%| United Air| 15. 30%| 12. 25%| 12. 88%| 12. 14%| 11. 61%| US Airways| 11. 96%| 8. 22%| 7. 18%| 11. 17%| 11. 26%| Northwest| 10. 23%| 10. 36%| 10. 16%| 9. 43%| 9. 09%| Continental| 7. 73%| 7. 32%| 8. 05%| 7. 99%| 8. 18%| Jet Blue| 0. 24%| 3. 21%| 4. 07%| 4. 42%| 6. 59%| America West| 4. 11%| 4. 63%| 4. 41%| 3. 6%| 0. 00% *| * America West data is included with US Airway starting in 2007 due to merger. Operating Revenues of Selected US Airlines, 2000-2007 (in billions) | 2007| 2006| 2005| 2004| 2003| 2002| 2001| 2000| American| 1st$22. 9| 1st$22. 5| 1st$20. 6| 1st$18. 6| 1st$17. 4| 1st$15. 9| 2nd$15. 6| 2nd$18. 1| United| 2nd 20. 1| 2nd19. 3| 2nd17. 3| 2nd15. 7| 3rd13. 4| 2nd13. 9| 1st16. 1| 1st19. 3| Delta| 3rd 19. 2| 3rd17. 5| 3rd16. 5| 3rd15. 2| 2nd14. 3| 3rd12. 4| 3rd13. 2| 3rd15. 3| Continental| 4th 14. 2| 4th13. 1| 5th11. 1| 5th9. 9| 5th7. 3| 5th7. 4| 6th8. 2| 5th9. 4| Northwest| 5th 12. 5| 5th12. 6| 4th12. | 4th11. 3| 4th10. 1| 4th9. 2| 4th9. 6| 4th11. 0| US Airways| 6th 11. 7| 6th11. 6| 7th7. 2| 6th7. 1| 6th6. 8| 6th6. 9| 5th8. 3| 6th9. 2| Southwest| 7th 9. 9| 7th9. 1| 6th7. 6| 7th6. 5| 7th5. 9| 7th5. 5| 7th5. 6| 7th5. 7| America West| *| *| 8th3. 4| 8th2. 5| 8th2. 2| 8th2. 0| 8th2. 0| 8th2. 3| Total| 110. 5| 105. 7| 96| 86. 8| 77. 4| 73. 2| 78. 6| 90. 3| *America West merged with US Airways in 2005. Major U. S. Airlines Fuel amp; Oil and Total Operating Expenses Per Passenger Revenue Miles Southwest Airlines had the 4th lowest fuel cost in 1995, 2nd lowest in 2000, and the lowest fuel cost from 2006 to Q1 2008 Southwest Airlines had the 2nd to the lowest total operating expenses in 1995 and the lowest from 2000 to Q1 2008. | 1995| 2000| 2005| 2006| 2007| Q1 2008| Fuel amp; Oil| | | | | | | America West| 1. 40| 2. 18| 3. 32| 3. 85| 3. 87| | American Airlines| 1. 53| 2. 04| 3. 67| 4. 15| 4. 34| 5. 75| Continental Air Lines| 1. 67| 2. 18| 3. 42| 3. 82| 3. 97| 5. 26| Delta Air Lines| 1. 70| 1. 73| 3. 68| 4. 18| 4. 32| 5. 67| Northwest Airlines| 1. 73| 2. 35| 4. 01| 4. 56| 4. 47| 5. 94| Southwest Airlines| 1. 56| 1. 95| 2. 44| 3. 37| 3. 71| 4. 54| United Air Lines| 1. 51| 1. 98| 3. 53| 4. 11| 4. 26| 5. 5| US Airways| 1. 59| 2. 44| 3. 89| 4. 30| 4. 45| 5. 63| | | | | | | | Total Operating Expenses| | | | | | America West| 10. 57| 12. 15| 14. 50| 16. 15| 15. 58| -| American Airlines| 14. 25| 14. 48| 15. 18| 15. 55| 15. 98| 18. 18| Continental Air Lines| 12. 87| 13. 70| 16. 38| 16. 51| 16. 56| 18. 81| Delta Air Lines| 13. 53| 12. 85| 16. 68| 17. 50| 17. 63| 20. 95| Northwest Airlines| 12. 77| 12. 99| 17. 40| 16. 20| 15. 90| 19. 25| Southwest Airlines| 10. 91| 10. 91| 11. 21| 12. 03| 12. 53| 13. 85| United Air Lines| 12. 58| 14. 65| 15. 35| 16. 07| 16. 27| 19. 13| US Airways| 17. 73| 19. 8| 18. 49| 20. 03| 20. 14| 21. 45| Operating Expenses per Average Seat Mile (Available Seat) | 1995| 2000| 2005| 2006| 2007| Compensation| 33. 95%| 36. 35%| 40. 62%| 37. 39%| 35. 38%| Fuel amp; Oil| 14. 29%| 17. 34%| 19. 63%| 26. 25%| 28. 02%| Maintenance| 8. 49%| 8. 15%| 6. 46%| 5. 80%| 6. 81%| A/C Rentals| 6. 65%| 4. 27%| 2. 36%| 1. 93%| 1. 76%| Landing Fees| 6. 22%| 5. 69%| 6. 58%| 6. 02%| 6. 15%| Depreciation| 6. 08%| 6. 08%| 6. 83%| 6. 36%| 6. 15%| Other Expenses| 24. 33%| 22. 12%| 17. 52%| 16. 25%| 15. 71%| 1. Is there anything that you find particularly impressive about Southwest Airlines? One of the most impressive facets about Southwest Airlines is the foundation the airline was built on and how that foundation remains present after 40 years, â€Å"true grit. † Southwest Airlines fought to be in existence, remain in existence, and today fights to remain a lean and fearless competitor by providing a low-cost, low-price and no-frills product. Southwest Airlines’ tenacity is very distinctive and they are proud to show it through their marketing campaigns, such as, â€Å"Nobody Is Going to Shoot Southwest Airlines Out of the Sky for a Lousy $13. † The value Southwest Airlines has for its employees is impressive. The low employee turnover rate and large number of applicants is a strong indicator that this value is real and not lip service. Another interesting fact in regards to employees at Southwest is that in 40 years there have only been four CEOs, with 20 of those years being one individual, Herb Kelleher. 2. What grade would you give Southwest management for the job it has done in crafting the company’s strategy? What is it that you like or dislike about the strategy? Does Southwest have a winning strategy? In respect to Southwest’s efforts in crafting the company’s strategy, we feel that the company deserves an A for its relentless efforts to stay true to its low-cost provider strategic intent and for its ability to be able to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. As customers, we feel like the low prices are an extremely likeable aspect of the strategy. It is also important to mention that their customer service level is strong and leaves each passenger feeling a connection with the Southwest brand. However, we dislike the lack of creature comforts and the cattle-like approach to boarding. Southwest does maintain a winning strategy. One of the most important concepts that Southwest developed and grasped in their strategy was that it was not enough to be a low-cost provider; they needed to have a sustainable competitive advantage. The company addressed this by stressing that through the low-cost provider strategy, customer service, and customer satisfaction, they are able to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage, which is demonstrated in their financial and statistical data. A manager from Southwest stated â€Å"our fares can be matched; our airplanes and routes can be copied. But we pride ourselves on our customer service. † Although no strategy is without fault or mistake, Southwest has managed to significantly make its strategy into one that can thrive in both a short and long-term vision. With its focus on ways to keep cost low for customers, from paperless tickets to special programs for frequent flyers, the company has been able to effectively provide service to their customers and hold true to their mission. 3. What are the key policies, procedures, operating practices, and core values underlying Southwest’s efforts to implement and execute its low-cost/no frills strategy? Southwest has many key policies, procedures, operating practices and core values that help to implement and execute its low-cost/no frills strategy. Fare Structure: Southwest employs a relatively simple fare structure featuring low, unrestricted, unlimited, everyday coach fares, along with even lower fares available on a restricted basis. Route System: Southwest did not use the hub-and-spoke route systems like their rivals; instead their route system was carefully designed to concentrate on flights between pairs of cities 150-750 miles apart where there was enough passenger traffic that Southwest could offer a sizable number of daily flights. Relationship with Boeing: Southwest operates only one type of aircraft (Boeing 737s) to minimize the size of spare parts inventories, simplify the training of maintenance and repair personnel, improve the proficiency and speed with which maintenance routines could be done, and simplify the task of scheduling planes for particular flights. With their loyalty to Boeing they were able to acquire new aircrafts at favorable prices. Ticketless Travel Option: Southwest was the first major airline to use ticketless travel which eliminated the need to print and process paper tickets. They were also the first to allow customers to make reservations and purchase tickets at their website; this allowed them to bypass the need to pay commissions to travel agents for handling the ticketing process and reducing staffing requirements at reservation centers. Congestion Avoidance: Southwest de-emphasized flights to congested airports which helped them produce better-than-average on-time performance and reduce the fuel costs associated with sitting in line on taxiways or circling waiting for clearance to land. It also allowed them to avoid the higher landing fees and terminal gate costs at such high-traffic airports. No Reserved Seats Policy: To economize on the amount of time it took terminal personnel to check passengers in and to simplify the whole task of making reservations, Southwest stopped assigning seats. No Cleaning Crew: Southwest flight attendants were responsible for cleaning up trash left by deplaning passengers. No First-Class: Southwest does not entertain a first-class section in any of its planes nor do they entertain frequent fliers at fancy clubs in terminals. They also do not serve meals in order to make reprovisioning planes simple and quick. Bags Fly Free: Southwest does not charge a baggage transfer service fee. Passengers pick up their luggage themselves. Software Updates: They implemented use of new software that significantly decreased the time required to generate optimal crew schedules and help improve on-time performance. Cloth to Leather: Southwest concluded that an all-leather interior would be more durable and easier to maintain, more than justifying the higher initial costs. Fuel Hedging: Southwest was a first-mover to fuel hedging and derivative contracts to counteract rising prices. Their fuel hedging strategy had produced savings of about $3. 5 billion since 1998. Vertical Winglets: To enhance the performance and efficiency of the fleet, they added vertical winglets on the wing tips to reduce lift drag, allow aircraft to climb more steeply and reach higher flight levels quicker, improve cruising performance, extend engine life and reduce maintenance costs, and reduce fuel burn. New Technology: Southwest is investing in technology and software to replace its ticketless system and its back-office accounting, payroll, and human resource information systems. This will enhance data flow, operational efficiency, and customer service capability. 4. What are the key elements of Southwest’s culture? Is Southwest a strong culture company? Why or why not? What problems do you foresee that Gary Kelly has in sustaining the culture now that Herb Kelleher, the company’s spiritual leader, has departed? The key element of Southwest’s culture is the total employee benefit package, from compensation to training and development to promotion to retirement. Southwest’s operative principle states, â€Å"employees come first and customers come second. Management believes that by placing a high priority on employees, it would result in those employees being passionate about their jobs, but also lets the employees know that Southwest is concerned for their general well-being and would provide them with job security. It is important to note that Southwest Airlines has never laid off or furloughed any of its employees since beginnin g operations in 1971. Southwest’s simple thesis is as follows: Keep employees happy—then they will keep customers happy. CEO Gary Kelly even said, â€Å"Our people are our single greatest strength and our most enduring long-term competitive advantage. † Southwest is a very strong culture company. By placing their focus on employees first, they are ensuring that their customers will be well taken care of. They hire employees based on their attitude and then train them for skills. Herb Kelleher stated â€Å"We can train people to do things where skills are concerned. But there is one capability we do not have and that is to change a person’s attitude. So we prefer an unskilled person with a good attitude†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Southwest has the belief that superior, hospitable service and a fun-loving spirit flowed from the heart and soul of employees who themselves were fun-loving and spirited, who liked their jobs and the company they worked for, and who were also confident and empowered to do their jobs as they saw fit. Southwest also has the lowest employee turnover rate in the industry with pay scales above the industry average (sometimes even near or at the top of the industry). Another important part of their culture is their no-layoff policy. Kelleher stated â€Å"Nothing kills your company’s culture like layoffs†¦you want to show your people you value them and you’re not going to hurt them just to get a little more money in the short-term. † Southwest has two core values: LUV and fun. LUV turned into the code word for how to treat customers, with dignity and respect and demonstrating a caring, loving attitude. LUV and red hearts appeared on posters at company facilities to remind employees of the behavior that was expected towards customers and other employees. Fun at Southwest includes pranks and jokes, dressing up on holidays, charity benefit games, entertaining behavior of employees while on the job, and more. CEO Gary Kelly explains that the â€Å"Southwest Way†, which includes having a Warrior Spirit, Servant’s Heart and a Fun, Loving attitude are the three things that have defined their culture for 36 years. In 1990, a Culture Committee was formed to nurture the Southwest Spirit. The committee sponsored and supported hundreds of ways to promote the Southwest Spirit by using the red hearts and LUV to embody the spirit of caring and other things such as serving employees pizza. Southwest’s monthly newsletter, LUV Lines, spotlights experiences and deeds of certain employees, reprinted letters of praise from customers, and company milestone celebrations. There are also occasional meetings called Culture Exchange in which they share similar information as the LUV Lines. All of these culture-building exercises have helped Southwest be a profitable company with loyal employees and happy customers. Gary Kelly may still encounter problems after taking over as CEO. Herb Kelleher instituted practices and support systems that promoted operating excellence which were a source of company pride. He devoted many years and a great amount of effort to find the best and most effective ways to operate every aspect of the company, from aircraft maintenance to efficient baggage transfers. CEO Gary Kelly has been following Kelleher’s lead in pushing for operational excellence. Kelly may not be the â€Å"original spiritual leader,† but he is doing his part to keep the company the way Kelleher left it. Kelly has strong strategic objectives; one being that Southwest would be â€Å"the safest, most efficient, and most reliable airline in the world. Both men believed that having a strong balance sheet and profitability were important financial aspects of the company. Kelleher’s vibrant, fun and caring attitude will be hard for any other CEO to match. He was known for his Hawaiian print shirts, making jokes and tricked out motorcycle. He was well known not only inside the company, but also outside for his combativeness. In 1990, he had a message penned in the Dallas Headquarters Office that stated: â€Å"The people of Southwest Airlines are the creators of what we have becomeand of what we will be. † Kelly will never be the same person as Kelleher and it may take longer for employees to warm up to his different management style. Kelly is less of a â€Å"culture pusher† than Kelleher, which could hurt Southwest in the long run, since their whole company is based on promoting a fun, caring atmosphere. Although Kelleher spoke very highly of Kelly when he took over as CEO in 2004, that doesn’t mean that Kelly will be as highly respected in terms of a spiritual leader to employees than Kelleher was. In addition, the Kelleher era at Southwest seemed to always be in a dogfight to build and become what they are today. As the employees who fought that fight with Kelleher retire, a piece of the â€Å"warrior spirit† goes with them. This may make it hard for Kelly to keep the warrior mentality alive with new employees who didn’t have a dog in the fight and may feel they don’t have as much invested to ensure they stay on top. 5. What grade would you give Southwest management for the job it has done in implementing and executing the company’s strategy? Which of Southwest’s strategy execution approaches and operating practices do you believe have been most crucial in accounting for the success that Southwest has enjoyed in executing its strategy? Are there any policies, procedures, and operating approaches at Southwest that you disapprove of or that are not working well? During a difficult time within the airline industry, Southwest made its entrance in 1971, despite the endless attempts from rivals to collapse the company before they could get started. Southwest emerged and made its first flight in June 1971. Since then Southwest’s management team has done a monumental job in implementing their strategies. By using a differentiation approach Southwest was able to stand out amongst its competitors. Low fares, entertainment, more flights to the same locations, the gradual expansion into new geographic markets, adding flights in areas where rivals were cutting back service using first-mover strategies, and flight turnaround times around 25mins (compared to 50-60 minutes from its competitors) all contributed to a grade A for Southwest’s management. Southwest’s overall strategy has transitioned from the 1971 to 2010. When the airline first started, they were serving a market niche in the Golden Triangle (Houston, San Antonio, and Dallas). They moved towards a Focused Low-Cost Provider as they expanded their service by expanding into new geographic markets and adding flights in areas where rivals were cutting back service. Southwest is now moving towards becoming a Best-Cost Provider by upgrading the quality of the customer experience (i. e. leather seats, business-focused areas, family-focused areas, etc). The low-cost, low-price, and no frills strategies have worked very well for Southwest. The company took a two-tier fare approach which gave customers a choice between a low unrestricted, unlimited, everyday coach fare and one which was restricted that was even lower cost. Despite its highly effective strategy, Southwest has some aspects that may not be working as well as others. Their infamous cattle call (procedure for boarding) can make customers feel like animals rather than people when they are fighting for a seat. Many customers may choose to forgo the lower airfare to enjoy a more peaceful boarding experience. Another issue to be addressed is the maintenance policies and procedures that ultimately led to the fairly recent media debacle. Reports of lax aircraft inspections surfaced and Kelly admitted the wrongdoing of the company. He limited the bad media exposure by ensuring the public his airline was one of the safest to fly with. Despite his public apology, this matter needs to be aggressively approached to ensure customers feel safe flying Southwest. 6. What weaknesses or problems do you see at Southwest Airlines? 1. Public perception of safety after airline inspection issue 2. Lack of creature comforts such as pre-assigned seating and on-board meals. 3. There is no first class for customers, so those wanting a more luxurious experience may fly with competing airlines. . It also offers no baggage transfers to other airlines, which may be a complaint from passengers needing to catch another plane in a short amount of time. 5. Cattle-call boarding procedure 7. What recommendations would you make to Gary Kelly? 1. Establish a more aggressive maintenance inspection program, especially with the older aircraft in their fleet. 2. Offer premium services for a fee. For example: seat selection, leg room, seat size, baggage transfer, and boarding first. 3. Provide a few more creature comforts on longer flights. Doing without comfort is fine on short flights. 4. Sell even lower cost tickets to spontaneous travelers who truly decide at the last minute to get away for a short weekend vacation when there are vacant seats available. 5. Continue hedging fuel to save money in that aspect. 6. Explore increasing the number of destination cities so they can grow their customer base. 7. Southwest should continue learning about the types of customers that tend to fly with Southwest so they can make changes to better serve their clientele. 8. Explore international flight options.